根据最新的统计, the average woman in the US has a 12% chance of developing breast cancer. 乳腺癌 is the second leading cause of cancer death, but fortunately the rates are declining. 乳腺癌 develops when normal cells in the breast grow out of control.
乳腺癌的症状是什么?
Most women diagnosed with breast cancer will not notice anything unusual, their cancer is diagnosed on screening mammograms.
Then most common symptom of breast cancer is a painless lump or mass. A hard mass with irregular edges is more likely to be cancer, 然而，乳腺癌可能很脆弱, 软的或圆的.
其他症状包括乳房肿胀, 皮肤酒窝/ irregulation, 乳头疼痛或收缩, 乳头发红或增厚, 乳头溢液或淋巴结肿大.
如何诊断乳腺癌?
The earlier breast cancer is diagnosed, the better the clinical outcome.
乳房x光检查, 包括筛选, 诊断和断层合成(3D), are x-rays of the breast that can detect signs of breast cancer. 乳房x光检查 of women with implants can be accomplished, sometimes additional pictures are taken. Additional rapid tests include breast unltrasound and breast MRI. A diagnosis involves removing a small tissue sample which is evaluated by a pathologist to see if cancer is present.
乳腺癌有哪些阶段?
The stage of breast cancer describes how much cancer is in the body and how far it has spread. The stages from stage 0 (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ) to stage IV (Metastatic), as described by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 最近一次更新于2018年1月.
- Stage I: The tumor is no larger than 2 centimeters in diameter and has not spread elsewhere. 淋巴结未受影响.
- Stage IIA: The breast tumors are no larger than 2 centimeters in diameter or there is no breast tumor, but the cancer has spread to a few axillary lymph nodes, or the tumors are between 2-5 centimeters in diameter but have not spread to any lymph nodes.
- Stage IIB: 乳房 tumors are between 2-5 centimeters and the cancer has spread to a few axillary lymph nodes, or the tumors are larger than 5 centimeters with no signs of cancer in lymph nodes.
- Stage IIIA: The cancer has not spread to the chest wall or breast skin but has spread to nearby lymph nodes. 癌症的大小可能会有所不同.
- Stage IIIB: The cancer affects the chest wall, breast skin or both places. 在某些情况下, the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
- Stage IIIC: The cancer has spread widely to nearby lymph nodes.
- 第四期:转移性乳腺癌, 哪些已经扩散到身体的其他部位, 比如骨头, 肺, 脑和肝. 当被诊断时，这可能是癌症的阶段, or it may develop after other stages of breast cancer advance and spread.
乳腺癌的治疗方法是什么?
如果你被诊断患有乳腺癌, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. It’s important that you think carefully about each of your choices. Weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects.
乳房再造呢??
If you have a mastectomy or an extensive lumpectomy, 你可能会决定进行乳房重建, in which implants or your own tissues taken from elsewhere in your body are used. It's important that you talk to your surgeon about your reconstruction options and preferences before your cancer surgery. 在某些情况下, 保留乳头的乳房切除术是可能的, 虽然这不是所有女性的选择.
乳腺癌的危险因素有哪些?
There are genetic predispositions to some breast cancers, 所以如果你妈妈, 女儿或姐妹患过乳腺癌, 你被认为有更高的风险. 随着年龄的增长，患乳腺癌的风险也会增加. Women who have never given birth or who gave birth to their first child later in life have a higher risk than women who gave birth at a younger age. 乳房feeding for at least a year also reduces risk. 其中很多因素都是你无法控制的, but others are things you can control: Eat a healthful diet, 保持健康的体重, 戒烟或不开始吸烟, 经常锻炼，限制饮酒.
What are some additional resources for learning about breast cancer?
If you or your loved one is facing breast cancer, 网上买球软件 has a whole range of services designed to help you so you never take this journey alone. 请与您的网上买球软件提供者交谈, 你的护士导航员, or check the service pages for information about treatments, 服务及支援小组. Additional patient-friendly information about breast cancer may be found on the
乳癌网页 of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network site.
